![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data for this manuscript has been made available on Figshare with the following DOIs. Received: FebruAccepted: JPublished: July 28, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Rudd et al. PLoS ONE 16(7):Įditor: David Hyrenbach, Hawaii Pacific University, UNITED STATES (2021) Basking shark sub-surface behaviour revealed by animal-towed cameras. In situ observation of basking sharks at their seasonal aggregation site through animal borne cameras revealed unprecedented insight into the social and environmental context of basking shark behaviour which were previously limited to surface observations.Ĭitation: Rudd JL, Bartolomeu T, Dolton HR, Exeter OM, Kerry C, Hawkes LA, et al. Social groups of sharks are thought to be very short term and sporadic, and may play a role in finding breeding partners, particularly in solitary sharks which may use aggregations as an opportunity to breed. This study reported the first complete breaching event and the first sub-surface putative courtship display, with nose-to-tail chasing, parallel swimming as well as the first observation of grouping behaviour near the seabed. Sharks maintained similar tail beat frequencies regardless of whether feeding, swimming near the surface or the seabed, where they spent surprisingly up to 88% of daylight hours. ![]() Feeding events only occurred within a metre depth and made up ¾ of the time spent swimming near the surface. Cameras recorded a cumulative 123 hours of video data over an average 64-hour deployment and confirmed the position of the sharks within the water column. Six basking sharks were tagged at their feeding site in the Sea of Hebrides, Scotland, with towed cameras combined with time-depth recorders and satellite telemetry. Advances in camera technologies holds potential for filling in these knowledge gaps by providing environmental context and validating behaviours recorded with conventional telemetry. Basking sharks, the second largest shark species in the world, aggregate in the summer in key foraging sites but despite advances in biologging technologies, little is known about their breeding ecology and sub-surface behaviour. If you want to add location info to your pictures, you need grant the application location permission.While biologging tags have answered a wealth of ecological questions, the drivers and consequences of movement and activity often remain difficult to ascertain, particularly marine vertebrates which are difficult to observe directly.Some of features listed above are available not on all devices. The freshest version of Google Camera is only compatible with recent Pixel and Nexus gadgets on Android 7.1.1 and above.Photosphere configuration for creating immersive pictures with nice spherical effect.Photographers use it for closing-up pictures. Lens blur option for adding elegant background blurring (it is also called ‘bokeh’). ![]() Slow motion effect for capturing action in epic slow motion video (on some supported gadgets you may achieve up to 240 fps).It is very useful especially in backlit or low-light scenes. ![]()
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